BC Asia Guide to IELTS listening test 4

Answer the questions below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

CORPORATE CULTURES

Studies by Quinn and Cameron propose:

“COMPETING VALUES FRAMEWORK”

● Hierarchy Culture

• obeys rules, 21 ......................., bureaucracy
• several layers of management, workers should follow the 22 .........................
• stable, structured environment
• leaders use power, 23 ........................., and position to deal with employees
• common among 24 ......................... organisations and large companies

● Market Culture

• values 25......................... with e.g. clients or suppliers to improve competitiveness
• this culture produces the best 26......................... (due to emphasis on competitiveness and success)

● Clan Culture

• family-like
• focus on 􏰑doing things together􏰎 leads to high degree of worker 27.........................
• paternalistic, mentoring style of leadership
• employee development
• company expects 28......................... from workers, with similar ideas and shared goals

● Adhocracy Culture

• workers must be adaptable and accept change
• focus on 29............ and innovation with quick responses to outside factors
• dynamic and entrepreneurial leaders looking for 30.........................
• employees encouraged to experiment with new ideas
• might seem disorganised but inventive and progressive

Complete the summary below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE USE

Most pesticides are carried into other environments. They travel along rivers or streams or are carried by the 31 ........................ They can harm animals or remove their 32 ........................ causing starvation. Pesticides that remain in the soil cause a decrease in the quality and number of 33 .......................... Furthermore, 34 .......................... can be caused by repeated use of pesticides over time.

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer